Update on the use of 45S5 bioactive glass in the treatment of bone defects in regenerative medicine.

Bone regeneration is a critical area in regenerative medicine, particularly in orthopedics, demanding effective biomedical materials for treating bone defects. 45S5 bioactive glass (45S5 BG) is a promising material because of its osteoconductive and bioactive properties. As research in this field continues to advance, keeping up-to-date on the latest and most successful applications of this material is imperative. To achieve this, we conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed/MEDLINE, focusing on English articles published in the last decade. Our search used the keywords "bioglass 45S5 AND bone defect" in combination. We found 27 articles, and after applying the inclusion criteria, we selected 15 studies for detailed examination. Most of these studies compared 45S5 BG with other cement or scaffold materials. These comparisons demonstrate that the addition of various composites enhances cellular biocompatibility, as evidenced by the cells and their osteogenic potential. Moreover, the use of 45S5 BG is enhanced by its antimicrobial properties, opening avenues for additional investigations and applications of this biomaterial.

UiO-66/AgNPs Coating for Dental Implants in Preventing Bacterial Infections.

Titanium (Ti)-based biomaterials lack inherent antimicrobial activities, and the dental plaque formed on the implant surface is one of the main risk factors for implant infections. Construction of an antibacterial surface can effectively prevent implant infections and enhance implant success. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit broad antibacterial activity and a low tendency to induce drug resistance, but AgNPs easily self-aggregate in the aqueous environment, which significantly impairs their antibacterial activity. In this study, UiO-66/AgNP (U/A) nanocomposite was prepared, where zirconium metal-organic frameworks (UiO-66) were employed as the confinement matrix to control the particle size and prevent aggregation of AgNPs. The bactericidal activity of U/A against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli increased nearly 75.51 and 484.50 times compared with individually synthesized Ag. The antibacterial mechanism can be attributed to the enhanced membrane rupture caused by the ultrafine AgNPs on UiO-66, leading to protein leakage and generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Then, U/A was loaded onto Ti substrates (Ti-U/A) by using self-assembly deposition methods to construct an antibacterial surface coating. Ti-U/A exhibited excellent antibacterial activities and desired biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. The U/A nanocomposite coating technique is thus expected to be used as a promising surface modification strategy for Ti-based dental implants for preventing dental implant infections.

Obtaining New Biocompatible Composite Materials with Antibacterial Properties Based on Diatomite and Biologically Active Compounds.

This study aimed to create new composite materials based on diatomite-a non-organic porous compound-through its surface modification with bioactive organic compounds, both synthetic and natural. Chloramphenicol, tetrahydroxymethylglycoluril and betulin were used as modifying substances. Composite materials were obtained by covering the diatomite surface with bioactive substance compounds as a solution and material dispersion in it. The materials were characterized by IR spectroscopy, SEM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For the biocomposites, the hemolytic effect, plasma proteins' adsorption on the surface and the antibacterial activity of the obtained materials were studied. Results show that the obtained materials are promising for medicine and agriculture.

Subcutaneous Application of a Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Induces the Production of Skin Extracellular Matrix.

The development of injectable hydrogels with natural biopolymers such as gelatin (Ge) and hyaluronic acid (Ha) is widely performed due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. The combination of both polymers crosslinked with N-Ethyl-N'-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) can be used as an innovative dermal filler that stimulates fibroblast activity and increases skin elasticity and tightness. Thus, crosslinked Ge/Ha hydrogels with different concentrations of EDC were administered subcutaneously to test their efficacy in young and old rats. At higher EDC concentrations, the viscosity decreases while the particle size of the hydrogels increases. At all concentrations of EDC, amino and carboxyl groups are present. The histological analysis shows an acute inflammatory response, which disappears seven days after application. At one and three months post-treatment, no remains of the hydrogels are found, and the number of fibroblasts increases in all groups in comparison with the control. In addition, the elastic modulus of the skin increases after three months of treatment. Because EDC-crosslinked Ge/Ha hydrogels are biocompatible and induce increased skin tension, fibroblast proliferation, and de novo extracellular matrix production, we propose their use as a treatment to attenuate wrinkles and expression lines.

Bioelectronic Medicine: a multidisciplinary roadmap from biophysics to precision therapies.

Bioelectronic Medicine stands as an emerging field that rapidly evolves and offers distinctive clinical benefits, alongside unique challenges. It consists of the modulation of the nervous system by precise delivery of electrical current for the treatment of clinical conditions, such as post-stroke movement recovery or drug-resistant disorders. The unquestionable clinical impact of Bioelectronic Medicine is underscored by the successful translation to humans in the last decades, and the long list of preclinical studies. Given the emergency of accelerating the progress in new neuromodulation treatments (i.e., drug-resistant hypertension, autoimmune and degenerative diseases), collaboration between multiple fields is imperative. This work intends to foster multidisciplinary work and bring together different fields to provide the fundamental basis underlying Bioelectronic Medicine. In this review we will go from the biophysics of the cell membrane, which we consider the inner core of neuromodulation, to patient care. We will discuss the recently discovered mechanism of neurotransmission switching and how it will impact neuromodulation design, and we will provide an update on neuronal and glial basis in health and disease. The advances in biomedical technology have facilitated the collection of large amounts of data, thereby introducing new challenges in data analysis. We will discuss the current approaches and challenges in high throughput data analysis, encompassing big data, networks, artificial intelligence, and internet of things. Emphasis will be placed on understanding the electrochemical properties of neural interfaces, along with the integration of biocompatible and reliable materials and compliance with biomedical regulations for translational applications. Preclinical validation is foundational to the translational process, and we will discuss the critical aspects of such animal studies. Finally, we will focus on the patient point-of-care and challenges in neuromodulation as the ultimate goal of bioelectronic medicine. This review is a call to scientists from different fields to work together with a common endeavor: accelerate the decoding and modulation of the nervous system in a new era of therapeutic possibilities.

Skin-Mountable Functional Electronic Materials for Bio-Integrated Devices.

Skin-mountable electronic materials are being intensively evaluated for use in bio-integrated devices that can mutually interact with the human body. Over the past decade, functional electronic materials inspired by the skin are developed with new functionalities to address the limitations of traditional electronic materials for bio-integrated devices. Herein, the recent progress in skin-mountable functional electronic materials for skin-like electronics is introduced with a focus on five perspectives that entail essential functionalities: stretchability, self-healing ability, biocompatibility, breathability, and biodegradability. All functionalities are advanced with each strategy through rational material designs. The skin-mountable functional materials enable the fabrication of bio-integrated electronic devices, which can lead to new paradigms of electronics combining with the human body.

Synthesis, characterization, pharmacological and computational evaluation of hyaluronic acid modified chebulinic acid encapsulated chitosan nanocomposite for cancer therapy.

The purpose of this study was to produce hyaluronic acid customized nanoparticles with chitosan for the delivery of chebulinic acid (CLA) to enhance its anticancer potential against breast cancer. A significant portion of CLA was encapsulated (89.72 ± 4.38 %) and loaded (43.15 ± 5.61 %) within hybrid nanoparticles. The colloidal hybrid nanoparticles demonstrated a polydispersity index (PDI) of about 0.379 ± 0.112, with zeta capacitance of 32.69 ± 5.12 (mV), and an average size of 115 ± 8 (nm). It was found that CLA-CT-HA-NPs had stronger anticancer effects on MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 8.18 ± 3.02 µM) than pure CLA (IC50 = 17.15 ± 5.11 µM). The initial cytotoxicity findings were supported by additional investigations based on comet assay and flow cytometry analysis. Tumor remission and survival were evaluated in five separate groups of mice. When juxtaposed with pure CLA (3.17 ± 0.419 %), CLA-CT-HA-NPs improved survival rates and reduced tumor burden by 3.76 ± 0.811(%). Furthermore, in-silico molecular docking investigations revealed that various biodegradable polymers had several levels of compatibility with CLA. The outcomes of this study might potentially served as an effective strategy for delivering drugs in the context of breast cancer therapy.

In Vitro Enhanced Osteogenic Potential of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded in a Poly (Lactic-co-Glycolic) Acid Scaffold: A Systematic Review.

Study Design: Human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) and human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) have demonstrated the capability to regenerate bone once they have differentiated into osteoblasts. Objective: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the in vitro osteogenic differentiation potential of these cells when seeded in a poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffold. Methods: A literature search of 4 databases following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted in January 2021 for studies evaluating the osteogenic differentiation potential of hBMSCs and hADSCs seeded in a PLGA scaffold. Only in vitro models were included. Studies in languages other than English were excluded. Results: A total of 257 studies were identified after the removal of duplicates. Seven articles fulfilled our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four of these reviews used hADSCs and three used hBMSCs in the scaffold. Upregulation in osteogenic gene expression was seen in all the cells seeded in a 3-dimensional scaffold compared with 2-dimensional films. High angiogenic gene expression was found in hADSCs. Addition of inorganic material to the scaffold material affected cell performance. Conclusions: Viability, proliferation, and differentiation of cells strongly depend on the environment where they grow. There are several factors that can enhance the differentiation capacity of stem cells. A PLGA scaffold proved to be a biocompatible material capable of boosting the osteogenic differentiation potential and mineralization capacity in hBMSCs and hADSCs.

Bioengineering Cell Therapy for Treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease.

Peripheral artery disease is an atherosclerotic disease associated with limb ischemia that necessitates limb amputation in severe cases. Cell therapies comprised of adult mononuclear or stromal cells have been clinically tested and show moderate benefits. Bioengineering strategies can be applied to modify cell behavior and function in a controllable fashion. Using mechanically tunable or spatially controllable biomaterials, we highlight examples in which biomaterials can increase the survival and function of the transplanted cells to improve their revascularization efficacy in preclinical models. Biomaterials can be used in conjunction with soluble factors or genetic approaches to further modulate the behavior of transplanted cells and the locally implanted tissue environment in vivo. We critically assess the advances in bioengineering strategies such as 3-dimensional bioprinting and immunomodulatory biomaterials that can be applied to the treatment of peripheral artery disease and then discuss the current challenges and future directions in the implementation of bioengineering strategies.

Effect of Silicon Dioxide and Magnesium Oxide on the Printability, Degradability, Mechanical Strength and Bioactivity of 3D Printed Poly (Lactic Acid)-Tricalcium Phosphate Composite Scaffolds.

BACKGROUND: Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polyester that has been exploited for a variety of biomedical applications, including tissue engineering. The incorporation of ß-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) into PLA has imparted bioactivity to the polymeric matrix. METHODS: We have modified a 90%PLA-10%TCP composite with SiO2 and MgO (1, 5 and 10 wt%), separately, to further enhance the material bioactivity. Filaments were prepared by extrusion, and scaffolds were fabricated using 3D printing technology associated with fused filament fabrication. RESULTS: The PLA-TCP-SiO2 composites presented similar structural, thermal, and rheological properties to control PLA and PLA-TCP. In contrast, the PLA-TCP-MgO composites displayed absence of crystallinity, lower polymeric molecular weight, accelerated degradation ratio, and decreased viscosity within the 3D printing shear rate range. SiO2 and MgO particles were homogeneously dispersed within the PLA and their incorporation increased the roughness and protein adsorption of the scaffold, compared to a PLA-TCP scaffold. This favorable surface modification promoted cell proliferation, suggesting that SiO2 and MgO may have potential for enhancing the bio-integration of scaffolds in tissue engineering applications. However, high loads of MgO accelerated the polymeric degradation, leading to an acid environment that imparted the composite biocompatibility. The presence of SiO2 stimulated mesenchymal stem cells differentiation towards osteoblast; enhancing extracellular matrix mineralization, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and bone-related genes expression. CONCLUSION: The PLA-10%TCP-10%SiO2 composite presented the most promising results, especially for bone tissue regeneration, due to its intense osteogenic behavior. PLA-10%TCP-10%SiO2 could be used as an alternative implant for bone tissue engineering application.

Hierarchically patterned triple-layered gelatin-based electrospun membrane functionalized by cell-specific extracellular matrix for periodontal regeneration.

OBJECTIVES: Regenerating the periodontium poses a critical challenge in oral medicine. To repair various periodontal defects, it is necessary to adopt a bio-scaffold that provides both the architecture and bioactive cues for local stem cells to migrate, reside, proliferate, and differentiate. The objective of this study is to combine a cell-specific decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) and a biomimetic electrospinning scaffold to regenerate severely destructed periodontium. METHODS: SEM, water contact angle (WCA), live/dead staining, swelling ratio, tensile test and immune-fluorescent staining were used to define the suitable topography for certain dental stem cells seeding and culturing. Transwell assay, CCK-8, Alizarin Red staining and PCR immune-fluorescent staining were used to determine ideal cell-specific ECM for PDLSCs/BMSCs migration, viability, and oriented differentiation. A biodegradable triple-layered electrospun scaffold (TLS) was fabricated by electrospinning with aligned fibers on both surfaces and a polyporous structure in the middle. The morphology and inter-porous structure of the TLS were characterized by SEM and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The surface of the TLS was functionalized with cell-specific ECM (Bi-ECM-TLS) through decellularization of the cell sheets cultured on the scaffold. The regenerative outcome of Bi-ECM-TLS was assessed by an in-situ rat periodontal defect model. Micro-CT, HE-staining, Masson's trichome staining, Sirius Red staining and Immunofluorescent staining were used for histological analysis. RESULTS: Aligned Gelatin/PCL fibrous membrane (GPA) was most effective for both PDLSCs and BMSCs in culture with WCA around 50 degrees and better mechanical strength than the rest. MSCs favored the same type of ECM (cell-specific ECM), and their regenerative properties were effectively induced with better chemotaxis, proliferative and differentiating behaviors. TLS characterization showed that TLS possessed aligned-random-aligned structure and inter-porous structure. In a rat model of periodontal defects, the TLS functionalized by BMSC-specific ECM for bone regeneration and PDLSC-specific ECM demonstrated highest BV/TV ratio, best bone structure and ligament fiber orientation and blood vessel formation, suggesting optimal performance in regenerating both alveolar bone and periodontal ligaments over TLS, single-ECM loaded TLS and r-Bi-ECM-TLS. SIGNIFICANCE: This study highlights the importance of combining a cell-specific decellularized ECM and a biomimetic electrospinning scaffold for targeted periodontal tissue regeneration, with potential implications for periodontal tissue engineering and improved patient outcomes.

Silky Liquid Metal Electrodes for On-Skin Health Monitoring.

Next generation on-skin electrodes will require soft, flexible, and gentle materials to provide both high-fidelity sensing and wearer comfort. However, many commercially available on-skin electrodes lack these key properties due to their use of rigid hardware, harsh adhesives, uncomfortable support structures, and poor breathability. To address these challenges, this work presents a new device paradigm by joining biocompatible electrospun spider silk with printable liquid metal to yield an incredibly soft and scalable on-skin electrode that is strain-tolerant, conformable, and gentle on-skin. These electrodes, termed silky liquid metal (SLiM) electrodes, are found to be over five times more breathable than commercial wet electrodes, while the silk's intrinsic adhesion mechanism allows SLiM electrodes to avoid the use of harsh artificial adhesives, potentially decreasing skin irritation and inflammation over long-term use. Finally, the SLiM electrodes provide comparable impedances to traditional wet and other liquid metal electrodes, offering a high-fidelity sensing alternative with increased wearer comfort. Human subject testing confirmed the SLiM electrodes ability to sense electrophysiological signals with high fidelity and minimal irritation to the skin. The unique properties of the reported SLiM electrodes offer a comfortable electrophysiological sensing solution especially for patients with pre-existing skin conditions or surface wounds.

Gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel with and without dental pulp stem cells for TMJ regeneration: An in vivo study in rabbits.

BACKGROUND: In the last decade, tissue-engineering strategies for regenerating the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) have been investigated. This may be a promising strategy for the minimally invasive restoration of joint integrity. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) loaded in a light-occured hydrogel made of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) enhance the regeneration of osteochondral defects in the rabbit TMJ. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Defects were filled with GelMA alone (control group; n = 4) or filled with GelMA loaded with rabbit DPSCs (experimental group; n = 4), In one group, the TMJ capsule was opened without creating a defect (sham group; n = 2). The following micro-CT parameters were analysed: bone volume to total volume ratio (BV/TV%) and bone mineral density (BMD). Histological evaluation was performed to assess cartilage regeneration features. A semi-quantitative scoring system was also used to evaluate the defects. RESULTS: All groups had no statistical difference regarding the micro-CT parameters. The highest mean healing score was found for the experimental group. After 4 weeks, there were no signs of hydrogel in either group or no signs of inflammation in the adjacent tissues. The tissue formed in the defect was dense fibrous connective tissue. CONCLUSION: Adding DPSCs to GelMA did not provide a regenerative enhancement in TMJ osteochondral defects. This resulted in similar micro-CT parameters after 4 weeks of healing, with improved signs of subchondral bone regeneration but no cartilage regeneration.

Corneal reshaping: an experiment with a type I collagen-based vitrigel for remodeling porcine corneas / Remodelamento corneano: relato de um experimento com um vitrigel a base de colágeno tipo I para remodelamento de córneas porcinas

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to report an experiment designed to determine anatomical changes in porcine corneas following placement of a novel polymer implant into the cornea. Methods: An ex vivo porcine eye model was used. A novel type I collagen-based vitrigel implant (6 mm in diameter) was shaped with an excimer laser on the posterior surface to create three planoconcave shapes. Implants were inserted into a manually dissected stromal pocket at a depth of approximately 200 μm. Three treatment groups were defined: group A (n=3), maximal ablation depth 70 μm; Group B (n=3), maximal ablation depth 64 μm; and group C (n=3), maximal ablation depth 104 μm, with a central hole. A control group (D, n=3) was included, in which a stromal pocket was created but biomaterial was not inserted. Eyes were evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and corneal tomography. Results: Corneal tomography showed a trend for a decreased mean keratometry in all four groups. Optical coherence tomography showed corneas with implants placed within the anterior stroma and visible flattening, whereas the corneas in the control group did not qualitatively change shape. Conclusions: The novel planoconcave biomaterial implant described herein could reshape the cornea in an ex vivo model, resulting in the flattening of the cornea. Further studies are needed using in vivo animal models to confirm such findings.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar um experimento projetado para determinar alterações anatômicas em córneas porcinas após a colocação de um novo implante de polímero na córnea. Métodos: Foi utilizado olho de porco ex vivo. Um novo agente modelador biocompatível, de colágeno tipo 1, com 6mm de diâmetro foi moldado com excimer laser em sua face posterior, para criar três formatos planocôncavos. Os implantes foram inseridos dentro de um bolsão, dissecado manualmente, a 200 micrômetros (μm). Foram definidos três grupos de tratamento: grupo A (n=3), teve a profundidade máxima de ablação de 70 μm; o grupo B (n=3), profundidade máxima de ablação de 64 μm; e o grupo C (n=3), profundidade máxima de ablação de 104 μm, com buraco central. O grupo controle, D (n=3), foi incluído, com a criação do bolsão estromal, porém sem inserir o material. A avaliação desses olhos foi realizada por tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT) e por tomografia corneana. Resultados: A tomografia corneana mostrou uma tendência para diminuição da ceratometria média em todos os 4 grupos. A tomografia de coerência óptica mostrou córneas com implantes localizados no estroma anterior e aplanamento visível, enquanto as córneas não mudaram qualitativamente o formato no grupo controle. Conclusões: O novo implante de biomaterial planocôncavo descrito aqui foi capaz de remodelar a córnea em modelo de animal ex vivo, resultando no aplanamento corneano. Novos estudos são necessários usando modelos animais in vivo para confirmar tais achados.

Platelet-rich fibrin stimulates the proliferation and expression of proteins related to survival, adhesion, and angiogenesis in gingival fibroblasts cultured on a titanium nano-hydroxyapatite-treated surface.

OBJECTIVES: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the cell viability and expression of proteins related to angiogenesis, adhesion, and cell survival (vascular endothelial growth factor, paxillin, vinculin, fibronectin, and protein kinase B) in gingival fibroblasts that were cultured on titanium discs treated with or without nanohydroxyapatite and exposed to platelet-rich fibrin (PRF)-conditioned medium. METHODS: To obtain the conditioned medium, the PRF membranes were prepared and incubated for 48 h in a culture medium without fetal bovine serum. Analyses were performed at 24 and 48 h for the cells cultured on machined-titanium discs or surfaces treated with nanohydroxyapatite in a control medium or PRF-conditioned medium, resulting in four experimental groups (CT-TI, CT-NANO, PRF-TI, and PRF-NANO). RESULTS: A decrease in the viability of the gingival fibroblasts was not observed in any of the experimental groups. The PRF-NANO group showed significantly higher immunoexpression of paxillin and AKT at 24 and 48 h (p < 0.01). The same result was observed for vinculin expression at 24 h (p < 0.001). The expression of fibronectin at 48 h and VEGF at 24 and 48 h was significantly higher when the cells were exposed to the PRF-conditioned medium, regardless of the disc surface (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Gingival fibroblasts cultured on a nanohydroxyapatite-treated surface and in a PRF-conditioned medium showed a greater expression of proteins modulating adhesion, angiogenesis, and cell survival. Our results may contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms related to peri-implant soft tissue sealing.

Development of Novel Composite Biocompatible Materials by Surface Modification of Porous Inorganic Compounds Using Bambus[6]Uril.

In this present investigation, a novel series of composite materials based on porous inorganic compounds-hydroxyapatite and diatomite-have been innovatively formulated for the first time through surface modification employing the promising macromolecular compound, bambus[6]uril. The process entailed the application of a bambus[6]uril dispersion in water onto the surfaces of hydroxyapatite and diatomite. Extensive characterization was carried out, involving IR spectroscopy and SEM. The materials underwent assessment for hemolytic effects and plasma protein adsorption. The results revealed that materials containing surface-bound bambus[6]uril did not demonstrate inherent hemolytic effects, laying a robust groundwork for their use as biocompatible materials. These findings hold significant promise as an alternative pathway for the development of durable and efficient bio-composites, potentially unveiling supramolecular strategies incorporating encapsulated bambus[6]urils in analogous processes.

Laser-induced graphene on cross-linked sodium alginate.

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) possesses desirable properties for numerous applications. However, LIG formation on biocompatible substrates is needed to further augment the integration of LIG-based technologies into nanobiotechnology. Here, LIG formation on cross-linked sodium alginate is reported. The LIG is systematically investigated, providing a comprehensive understanding of the physicochemical characteristics of the material. Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques confirm the successful generation of oxidized graphene on the surface of cross-linked sodium alginate. The influence of laser parameters and the amount of crosslinker incorporated into the alginate substrate is explored, revealing that lower laser speed, higher resolution, and increased CaCl2content leads to LIG with lower electrical resistance. These findings could have significant implications for the fabrication of LIG on alginate with tailored conductive properties, but they could also play a guiding role for LIG formation on other biocompatible substrates.

Comparación Placas de Titanio vs. Placas Reabsorbibles en Fracturas de Orbita: Revisión de literatura / Comparison of Titanium Plates vs. Resorbable Plates in Orbital Fractures: Literature Review

RESUMEN Introducción: Los tratamientos para fracturas de órbita se basan en la corrección del defecto de las lesiones orbitarias de tipo blow in y blow out (o de estallido), mediante diversas placas y mallas biocompatibles con el organismo, dándose una cicatrización de primera generación evitando un callo óseo y una fijación más rígida. Para el diagnóstico de este tipo de lesiones tenemos inflamación periorbitaria, enoftalmos, diplopía, equimosis, hemorragia subconjuntival. Existen diversos materiales reconstructivos siendo estos compuestos por distintas materias primas, como son los aloplásticos y autógenos; donde encontramos varios tipos como placas de titanio y las placas reabsorbibles siendo estas las más comunes y usadas actualmente, por su bajo estímulo a reabsorciones óseas y evitando efectos secundarios a largo plazo. Estas placas presentan diversos grados de ductilidad y resistencia. Se informó sobre varias complicaciones según el tipo de placas como es la cicatrización, las cirugías postquirúrgicas en caso de placas de titanio, etc. El objetivo de esta revisión es la evaluación de la eficacia las placas reabsorbibles versus placas de titanio en fracturas de órbita. Materiales y métodos: La investigación es de carácter documental, descriptivo y no experimental. En el cual se emplea una metodología de identificación e inclusión de artículos científicos tipo prisma. Resultados y conclusiones: Se verificaron las ventajas y desventajas tanto de las placas reabsorbibles como las de titanio siendo estas similares en la biocompatibilidad con el organismo humano, así como también varias diferencias como el soporte, fuerzas, resistencia de estas, concluyendo que es debatible el material ideal para tratar fracturas de órbita. Se seleccionaron artículos tomando en cuenta el título y objetivos; considerando estudios comparativos, revisiones sistemáticas, revisiones de literatura, los cuales comprendían criterios con respecto a fracturas de órbita y tratamientos quirúrgicos. La búsqueda arrojó 55 artículos en PubMed, 65 en Google, 4 en Scielo y 29 en Science direct, de los cuales se excluyeron libros, monografías, estudios experimentales, dando como resultado 21 artículos para el desarrollo de esta revisión bibliográfica. Y que fueron leídos y analizados en su totalidad, estudiando los objetivos, metodología y conclusión de cada uno de ellos para la posterior comparación.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Treatments for orbit fractures are based on the correction of the defect of blow in and blow out orbital injuries, by means of various plates and meshes biocompatible with the organism, giving a first-generation healing avoiding a bony callus and a more rigid fixation. For the diagnosis of this type of lesions we have periorbital inflammation, enophthalmos, diplopia, ecchymosis, subconjunctival hemorrhage. There are several reconstructive materials being these composed of different raw materials, such as alloplastic and autogenous, where we find several types such as titanium plates and resorbable plates being these the most common and currently used, for its low stimulus to bone resorption and avoiding long-term side effects. These plates have different degrees of ductility and resistance. Several complications have been reported depending on the type of plates, such as scarring, post-surgical surgeries in the case of titanium plates, etc. The objective of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of resorbable versus titanium plates in orbital fractures. Materials and methods: This research are a documentary, descriptive and non-experimental nature. A prism-type methodology of identification and inclusion of scientific articles was used. Results and conclusions: The advantages and disadvantages of both resorbable and titanium plates were verified, being these similar in biocompatibility with the human organism, as well as several differences such as support, forces, resistance of the same, concluding that it is debatable. The ideal material to treat orbital fractures. Articles were selected considering the title and objectives; considering comparative studies, systematic reviews, literature reviews, which included criteria regarding orbital fractures and surgical treatments. The search yielded 55 articles in PubMed, 65 in Google, 4 in Scielo and 29 in Science direct, from which books, monographs, experimental studies were excluded, resulting in 21 articles for the development of this bibliographic review. The 21 articles were read and analyzed in their entirety, studying the objectives, methodology and conclusion of each one of them for subsequent comparison.

Accelerated Oral Healing by Angelica gigas Nakai from Hot Melt Extrusion Technology: An In Vitro Study.

Background and Objectives: In spite of the oral environment being healing-prone, its dynamic changes may affect wound healing. The purpose of this study was to assess the oral wound healing effect of Angelica gigas Nakai (AG) prepared by hot-melt extrusion. Materials and Methods: Human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells were treated with AG or AG via hot-melt extrusion (AGH) for 24 h to determine the optimal concentration. For evaluating the anti-inflammatory effect of AG and AGH, a nitric oxide assay was performed under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The wound-healing effects of AG and AGH were evaluated using cell proliferation/migration assays and wound-healing marker expression through qRT-PCR. Results: Both AG and AGH showed no cytotoxicity on HGH cells. Regarding nitric oxide production, AGH significantly decreased LPS-induced nitric oxide production (p < 0.05). AGH showed a significantly positive result in the cell proliferation/cell migration assay compared with that in AG and the control. Regarding wound healing marker expression, AGH showed significantly greater VEGF and COL1α1 expression levels than those in the others (p < 0.05), whereas α-SMA expression was significantly different among the groups. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, AGH accelerated oral wound healing in vitro.

E-Suture: Mixed-Conducting Suture for Medical Devices.

Modern implantable bioelectronics demand soft, biocompatible components that make robust, low-impedance connections with the body and circuit elements. Concurrently, such technologies must demonstrate high efficiency, with the ability to interface between the body's ionic and external electronic charge carriers. Here, a mixed-conducting suture, the e-suture, is presented. Composed of silk, the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), and insulating jacketing polymers,the resulting e-suture has mixed-conducting properties at the interface with biological tissue as well as effective insulation along its length. The e-suture can be mechanically integrated into electronics, enabling the acquisition of biopotentials such as electrocardiograms, electromyograms, and local field potentials (LFP). Chronic, in vivo acquisition of LFP with e-sutures remains stable for months with robust brain activity patterns. Furthermore, e-sutures can establish electrophoretic-based local drug delivery, potentially offering enhanced anatomical targeting and decreased side effects associated with systemic administration, while maintaining an electrically conducting interface for biopotential monitoring. E-sutures expand on the conventional role of sutures and wires by providing a soft, biocompatible, and mechanically sound structure that additionally has multifunctional capacity for sensing, stimulation, and drug delivery.